Lições aprendidas com a comparação de esfregaços vaginais autocoletados e colhidos por médicos para o diagnóstico de infecções em ambientes com recursos limitados: uma revisão de 24 anos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/DST-2177-8264-2024361410Palavras-chave:
Diagnóstico, Saúde reprodutiva, Saúde da mulherResumo
Introdução: A saúde reprodutiva é essencial para o bem-estar geral das mulheres, mas infecções vaginais, como vaginose bacteriana (VB), candidíase
e tricomoníase, são prevalentes e podem levar a complicações graves, se não forem tratadas. Em países de alta renda, os sistemas de saúde geralmente estão equipados para lidar com essas infecções, no entanto, em ambientes com recursos limitados, barreiras, como isolamento geográfico, restrições financeiras e estigmas sociais, dificultam o acesso a cuidados eficazes. Os esfregaços vaginais autocoletados apresentam uma alternativa promissora às amostras tradicionais coletadas por médicos, oferecendo benefícios potenciais em regiões carentes. Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade, a precisão do diagnóstico e a aceitação da comunidade de amostras vaginais coletadas pela própria mulher em comparação com amostras coletadas por médicos para o diagnóstico de vaginose bacteriana, candidíase e tricomoníase em ambientes com recursos limitados e explorar estratégias
para ampliar essa abordagem a fim de melhorar a saúde reprodutiva das mulheres. Métodos: Esta revisão narrativa sintetiza a literatura sobre a eficácia,
a viabilidade e a aceitação da comunidade de swabs vaginais autocoletados em comparação com amostras coletadas por médicos para o diagnóstico de VB, candidíase e tricomoníase. Uma busca sistemática foi conduzida no PubMed, Google Scholar e repositórios institucionais para estudos de janeiro de 2000 a maio de 2024. A revisão abrangeu várias seções, incluindo o histórico sobre a importância do diagnóstico oportuno, iniciativas que empoderam as mulheres por meio da autocoleta, desafios e sucessos dessas iniciativas e estratégias para garantia de qualidade e defesa de políticas. Resultados: Os esfregaços vaginais autocoletados foram tão precisos quanto as amostras coletadas pelo médico no diagnóstico de VB, candidíase e tricomoníase. O método melhora a acessibilidade e reduz o estigma, mostrando potencial para uma aplicação mais ampla em ambientes de saúde comunitários. Conclusão: Os esfregaços vaginais autocoletados representam uma solução viável para os desafios da saúde reprodutiva em cenários com recursos limitados. Eles oferecem precisão diagnóstica comparável à dos materiais obtidos por médicos, melhoram a acessibilidade e reduzem as barreiras culturais para a busca de cuidados.
Os esforços futuros devem se concentrar na educação da comunidade, em inovações tecnológicas e reformas de políticas para maximizar a eficácia e a
sustentabilidade dessa abordagem, visando à melhoria da saúde global das mulheres.
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