A relação entre o status de HIV e as manifestações clínicas das infecções urogenitais em mulheres durante o período gravídico: uma revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/DST-2177-8264-2023351384Palavras-chave:
HIV, Sinais e sintomas, Doenças urogenitais femininas e complicações na gravidez, Gestantes, Infecções sexualmente transmissíveisResumo
Introdução: A saúde materna e infantil é essencial na saúde pública, especialmente durante a gravidez, quando infecções urogenitais podem afetar mães e fetos. Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) aumentam riscos obstétricos e têm conexões complexas com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). No Brasil, gestantes com HIV são uma preocupação crescente, requerendo foco e intervenções adequadas. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo examinar as características clínicas e epidemiológicas das infecções urogenitais em mulheres grávidas com e sem HIV, avaliando se há diferenças notáveis entre esses grupos. Métodos: Uma revisão de escopo foi conduzida, seguindo as diretrizes Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) e Joanna Briggs Institute. Bases de dados como Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) foram exploradas com termos relevantes. Os critérios de inclusão/exclusão selecionaram nove estudos para análise. Uma abordagem do tipo População, Intervenção, Comparação, Desfecho e Desenho do Estudo (PICOS) direcionou a pesquisa. Resultados: Mulheres grávidas com HIV apresentaram alta prevalência de IST, incluindo Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis e vaginose bacteriana. A infecção por HIV parece influenciar o risco e a gravidade das infecções urogenitais. A gravidez aumentou o risco de IST, independentemente do status de HIV. Os parceiros masculinos também podem influenciar a presença de IST em mulheres grávidas, especialmente aquelas com HIV. Conclusão: A associação entre o status de HIV e as infecções urogenitais em mulheres grávidas indica a necessidade de rastreamento e cuidado adequado. A prevenção e o tratamento de IST em gestantes são essenciais para a saúde materno-infantil, independentemente do status de HIV.
Downloads
Referências
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Departamento de Ações Programáticas. Manual de gestação de alto risco. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2022 [cited on 2023 July 10]. Available from: https://portaldeboaspraticas.iff.fiocruz.br/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/manual_gestacao_alto_risco.pdf
Warr AJ, Pintye J, Kinuthia J, Drake AL, Unger JA, McClelland RS, et al. Sexually transmitted infections during pregnancy and subsequent risk of stillbirth and infant mortality in Kenya: a prospective study. Sex Transm Infect. 2019;95(1):60-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2018-053597
Fuchs E, Dwiggins M, Lokken E, Unger JA, Eckert LO. Influence of sexually transmitted infections in pregnant adolescents on preterm birth and chorioamnionitis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2020;2020:1908392. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1908392
Smolarczyk K, Mlynarczyk-Bonikowska B, Rudnicka E, Szukiewicz D, Meczekalski B, Smolarczyk R, et al. The impact of selected bacterial sexually transmitted diseases on pregnancy and female fertility. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(4):2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042170
Waltmann A, McKinnish TR, Duncan JA. Nonviral sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy: current controversies and new challenges. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2021;34(1):40-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000702
Rowley J, Hoorn SV, Korenromp E, Low N, Unemo M, Abu-Raddad LJ, et al. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ. 2019;97(8):548-562P. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.228486
Domingues CSB, Lannoy LH, Saraceni V, Cunha ARC, Pereira GFM. Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: epidemiological surveillance. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2021;54(suppl 1):e2020549. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-549-2020
Mwatelah R, McKinnon LR, Baxter C, Karim QA, Karim SSA. Mechanisms of sexually transmitted infection-induced inflammation in women: implications for HIV risk. J Int AIDS Soc. 2019;22 Suppl 6(Suppl Suppl 6):e25346. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25346
Vaillant AAJ, Naik R. HIV-1 associated opportunistic infections. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
Meng S, Tang Q, Xie Z, Wu N, Qin Y, Chen R, et al. Spectrum and mortality of opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients in southwestern China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2023;42(1):113-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-022-04528-y
Dionne-Odom J, Khan MJ, Jauk VC, Szychowski J, Long DM, Wallace S, et al. HIV status and other risk factors for prevalent and incident sexually transmitted infection during pregnancy (2000-2014). Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2019;2019:6584101. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6584101
Joshi S, Mane A, Muwonge R, Divate U, Padbidri V, Kulkarni V, et al. Prevalence and predictors of bacterial vaginosis in HIV-infected women in Maharashtra, India. Int J STD AIDS. 2020;31(6):541-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462419878333
Silva CM, Alves RS, Santos TS, Bragagnollo GR, Tavares CM, Santos AAP. Epidemiological overview of HIV/AIDS in pregnant women from a state of northeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(suppl 1):568-76. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0495
Barifouse R. Por que o número de grávidas com HIV não para de crescer no Brasil? [Internet]. 2020 [cited on 2023 July 10]. Available from: https://www.ufpb.br/saehu/contents/noticias/por-que-o-numero-de-gravidas-com-hiv-nao-para-de-crescer-no-brasil-1
Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467-73. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
Peters MDJ, Marnie C, Tricco AC, Pollock D, Munn Z, Alexander L, et al. Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI Evid Synth. 2020;18(10):2119-26. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-20-00167
Santos CMC, Pimenta CAM, Nobre MRC. The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2007;15(3):508-11. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007000300023
Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev 2016;(5):210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4
Chaponda EB, Bruce J, Michelo C, Chandramohan D, Chico RM. Assessment of syndromic management of curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections among pregnant women: an observational cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03573-3
Mudau M, Peters RP, De Vos L, Olivier DH, Davey DJ, Mkwanazi ES, et al. High prevalence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women in a low-income South African community. Int J STD AIDS. 2018;29(4):324-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462417724908
Medina-Marino A, Mudau M, Kojima N, Peters RP, Feucht UD, De Vos L, et al. Persistent Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Trichomonas vaginalis positivity after treatment among human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women, South Africa. Int J STD AIDS. 2020;31(4):294-302. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462419898612
Teasdale CA, Abrams EJ, Chiasson MA, Justman J, Blanchard K, Jones HE. Incidence of sexually transmitted infections during pregnancy. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0197696. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197696
Smullin CP, Green H, Peters R, Nyemba D, Qayiya Y, Myer L, et al. Prevalence and incidence of Mycoplasma genitalium in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa. Sex Transm Infect. 2020;96(7):501-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054255
Price CM, Peters RPH, Steyn J, Mudau M, Olivier D, De Vos L, et al. Prevalence and detection of trichomonas vaginalis in HIV-infected pregnant women. Sex Transm Dis. 2018;45(5):332-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000756
Yeganeh N, Kreitchmann R, Leng M, Nielsen-Saines K, Gorbach PM, Klausner JD. Diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections in male partners of pregnant women in Brazil. Int J STD AIDS. 2021;32(13):1242-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624211032759
Asres AW, Endalew MM, Mengistu SY. Prevalence and trends of sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women in Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J. 2022;42:111. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.111.30871
Short CES, Quinlan RA, Wang X, Preda VG, Smith A, Marchesi JR, et al. Vaginal microbiota, genital inflammation and extracellular matrix remodelling collagenase: MMP-9 in pregnant women with HIV, a potential preterm birth mechanism warranting further exploration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:750103. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.750103
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Brazilian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
